The good news is it’s not as bad as you think. A 2002 study by Grijalva, Kerkvliet, and Nowell found that “academic dishonesty in a single online class is no more prevalent than in traditional classrooms” (Paullet, Chawdhry, Douglas & Pinchot, 2016, pg. 46). Although the offenders have become quite creative in their endeavors, the prevention remains the best defense.

First, start by creating a culture of integrity. Many institutions have students review the school’s Honor Code and sign a “pledge.” The first question on every exam I give is True/False, “I will follow the Honor Code while taking this assessment.” It follows the similar rule that locked doors are for honest people, but it also serves as a good reminder of the possible consequences, which often is enough to keep many students from breaking the rules.

Second, do not set rules that you have no way to enforce, e.g. forbidding the use of books, notes, or other resources. Instead ask questions that will not be evident in the resources, such as items where students have to analyze, evaluate, and think critically about the content. Essay questions, case study analysis, fill-in-the-blanks, sequencing questions, and hot spot questions are difficult to look up. It also helps to set a time limit for the test so that Googling answers becomes impossible.

Third, make every assessment different. No, I am not saying create 25 exams, but you can scramble questions and create multiple versions of the same test. If everyone finishes the exam with an essay question, you can create three different questions and have one randomly assigned to each exam. If you have deep enough test banks, you can have several different test versions with no question being repeated. Anything you can do to mix up the versions can detour efforts of deceitful activity.

Many instructors withhold feedback until the exam has closed. In this way, no one can pass on answers to others. Some will have the exam synchronous for this very reason. However, making the exam synchronous takes away the flexibility for online students who work unusual shifts.

If you have the added budget, your school may want to invest in software that does not allow the student to travel off the page of the test. The downside of this is that students often have multiple devices so there is nothing preventing them from taking the assessment on their laptop and looking things up on their smartphone.

If you are really tech-savvy, you can check time stamps for test takers and compare them to the IP address. If multiple students log on to the exam from the same IP address in a relatively short timeframe then it’s probably safe to conclude they are having a test-taking party where they sit together in one location and ask each other for help.

In the end, we must balance the fact that we are teaching adults who deserve a level of trust. And for those students who have a licensure exam waiting for them at the conclusion of their studies, they’re only hurting themselves.